What Is a Runny Nose

A runny nose occurs when the tissues and blood vessels inside the nose produce excess mucus as a response to irritation or inflammation. This extra mucus can drip from the nostrils, flow down the throat (postnasal drip), or cause constant sniffing. A runny nose itself is not a disease — it is a symptom of another condition, ranging from a mild cold to allergies or sinus infections. In most cases, it is temporary, but sometimes it can last for weeks depending on the underlying cause.

Symptoms of a Runny Nose

A runny nose can appear alongside a variety of other symptoms depending on the cause. Some individuals experience clear, watery mucus, while others may develop thicker or discolored secretions. Nasal congestion often accompanies a runny nose, making breathing more difficult. Additional symptoms may include sneezing, itching, coughing, or facial pressure.

Common symptoms include:

• clear or watery nasal discharge
• thick or colored mucus
• nasal congestion
• sneezing and itching
• cough due to postnasal drip
• reduced sense of smell

Causes of a Runny Nose

• viral infections (colds, flu)
• seasonal or year-round allergies
• exposure to smoke or pollution
• dry indoor air
• temperature changes
• sinus infections
• strong odors or chemicals

Complications of a Persistent Runny Nose

If a runny nose lasts for weeks or becomes chronic, it can lead to unwanted complications. Prolonged mucus production may irritate the throat, causing coughing or soreness. Nasal congestion can impair sleep quality, decrease concentration, and increase the likelihood of sinus infections. Children are especially prone to ear infections when mucus affects the Eustachian tubes.

How a Runny Nose Affects Daily Life

A runny nose may seem like a minor symptom, but it can significantly disturb daily routines. Constant mucus drainage forces people to wipe their nose frequently, causing skin irritation and discomfort. Nighttime postnasal drip can reduce sleep quality, leading to fatigue during the day. Many individuals also feel embarrassed in social settings, especially when symptoms are persistent.

When to See a Doctor

You should contact a doctor if symptoms persist longer than 10–14 days, worsen instead of improving, or are accompanied by fever, strong facial pain, or thick green mucus. Children with prolonged symptoms, breathing issues, or signs of ear pain require prompt evaluation. Individuals with weakened immune systems should seek help sooner to prevent complications.

How to Treat a Runny Nose

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Viral infections typically improve with rest, hydration, and saline rinses. Allergic runny nose often responds well to antihistamines and avoiding known triggers. Humidifiers help keep the nasal passages moist. Decongestants may provide temporary relief but should not be used for more than a few days. Persistent or severe symptoms require medical evaluation.

How to Prepare for a Doctor Visit

Before your appointment, note any changes in symptoms, medications you have used, and factors that make the runny nose better or worse. This information helps the doctor determine whether the issue is viral, allergic, or related to sinus problems.

Write down the following:

• how long the symptoms have lasted
• mucus color or texture
• recent illnesses in family members
• medications and nasal sprays used
• exposure to allergens or irritants
• any chronic conditions

Prevention Tips

Preventing a runny nose involves reducing exposure to triggers and maintaining healthy habits. Handwashing, using humidifiers, treating allergies promptly, and avoiding smoke or pollutants all help lower the risk. Keeping indoor air clean and drinking enough water also support nasal health.